> The mechanic had to substitute a generic steering wheel for the original Bentley wheel. > The traditional construction is like this: > "Substitute X with Y", however, reverses the meaning: Y will replace X. "Substitute X for Y" means what you think it does: the X will replace Y. > “Substitute…with…”-second replaces first. > “Substitute…for…”-first replaces second. > This is probably the source of the confusion you noticed: This discussion also adds support to the side that "substitute X for Y" is the correct terminology. In contrast, I would use this wording for the opposite intention: I would read this as saying "use X instead of Y". (Also called a xylospongium.) The graffito reads "No one talks to you much, Priscianus, until you use the sponge on a stick." One of these also references the tersorium, or sponge on a stick, that the article discusses. One of these others recommends "shake yourself about so you'll go faster."
But the other graffiti are in a lower register - present tense and no meter. The Seven Sages graffiti use a higher register - past tense and a meter associated with comedies. Some of the other graffiti do not reference the Seven Sages. To get the modern cultural connotation, substitute "Thales" or "Solon" for "Einstein" or "Abraham Lincoln". The Seven Sages of Greece had permeated the collective consciousness to such an extent in Rome that some unknown individual inscribed some graffiti referencing some of them.įor example, one graffito reads: "Ut bene cacaret, ventrum palpavit Solon," which translates to "To shit well, Solon rubbed his belly."Īnother says, "Durum cacantes monuit ut nitant Thales," which translates to, "Thales admonished those shitting to strain hard."Īnother: "Vissire tacite Chilon docuit subdolus", or "Sly Chilon taught to fart silently." There is some humorous graffiti in the latrine at Ostia Antica (pictured in the article).
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